The Reflection of Life During the Renaissance in Literature

Life in the Renaissance has been greatly reflected through the literature of its time. Many authors from this time reflected life in the Renaissance through their works. Several authors who strongly demonstrated this reflection include William Shakespeare, Thomas Elyot, Christopher Marlowe, Walter Raleigh, and Christine de Pizan. They accomplished this by producing various literary works, such as Hamlet, â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to His Love,† â€Å"The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd,† Le Livre de la cite dames, and many others. A major aspect of life and culture in the Renaissance that is prevalently shown throughout the literature of the time are the roles of women. Women had a large variety of roles during the Renaissance. Women played†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"The Passionate Shepherd to his Love,† a Shepherd asks to â€Å"come live with me and be my love† (Marlowe). A Shepherd is not a high-class occupation, which would mean the dowry he seeks with marriage would most likely not be much. Through the â€Å"Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd,† the Nymph rejects the Shepherd’s request to come live with him. By knowing the usage of dowries, it can be assumed that the Nymph might have rejected the Shepherd not because she did not like his offer, but because her dowry does not match his class standing. It is unable to be concluded whether the Nymph was of high or low class standing, because all that is known is that a Nymph is a beautiful and gracious maiden. Dowries were very important in the Renaissance when considering marriage. Literature during the Renaissance has also been influenced by marriage. During the Renaissance, marriage was almost always arranged. Most of the time, â€Å"women married men that they did not even know† (King). With women having no control over their marriage, most were obviously unhappy. During the Renaissance, it was completely acceptable for husbands to abuse, imprison, starve and debase their wives. Even though these events were very common during the Renaissance, authors like preachers, humanists, and other moral instructors wrote and spoke against these things. It was also acceptable for a man who was unhappy with his marriage toShow MoreRelatedThe Renaissance And Romanticism During The 19th Century1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance and Romanticism were periods of history in which literature changed the mindset of the people. The Renaissance occurred in Britain during the late fifteenth century to the early seventeenth century, and was a response to the Medieval Age. There was a spike in learning during the Renaissance, because of the invention of the printing press and the return of classical Greek and Roman literature. The Romantic period occurred during the late eighteenth century, as a response to the EnlightenmentRead MoreImpact Of The Italian Renaissance1387 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the decline and disappea rance of the Roman Empire, the Italian Renaissance was introduced to the European culture. The Italian Renaissance was the revival of the Greek and Roman cultures in forms of art, education, and literature. The Renaissance originally began in Florence, Italy during the time of 14 A.D and eventually began to expand throughout western and northern Europe in 15 A.D. The rebirthing of these ancient cultures brought much awareness and knowledge to the Italian society andRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes1676 Words   |  7 PagesHarlem Renaissance with Langston Hughes The Harlem Renaissance brought about uniqueness amongst African Americans; everything was new. The visual art, the jazz music, fashion and literature took a cultural spin. During this time writer Langston Hughes seemed to outshine the rest with amazing works. The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African American culture. It is variously known as the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Literary RenaissanceRead MoreThe Italian Renaissance And The Renaissance1424 Words   |  6 PagesThe Italian Renaissance was an explosion of art, writing, and thought, that roughly lasted between 1300 to 1600. In this time each citizen, countrymen, or villager had and performed different jobs and careers. Humanism the study of Greek and Roman writings, art, and architecture, initially jump started the Renaissance, and the need for art. Artists now were inspired to use life like art and linear perspective, so art seemed and was more realistic. The start of the Italian Renaissance was the startRead More Struggles of African Americans in Langston Hughes’ Poems, Mother to Son and Lenox Avenue: Midnight1672 Words   |  7 PagesHughes’ Poems, Mother to Son and Lenox Avenue: Midnight The experiences, lessons, and conditions of one’s life provide a wellspring of inspiration for one’s creative expressions and ideas. Throughout life people encounter situations and circumstances that consequently help to mold them into individualized spirits. An individual’s personality is a reflection of his or her life. Langston Hughes, a world-renowned African American poet and self-professed defender of African American heritageRead MoreClaude Mckay s Harlem Dancer And Ended Around 1929 Essay1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance began in 1918 with the publication of Claude McKay’s â€Å"Harlem Dancer† and ended around 1929. During this period, there was a wave of literary works by, and about, Blacks. The Harlem Renaissance was a period of great intellectual expression as well as introspection (Bodenner). There were several key moments and individuals that made this era of time historical. African American artists rejected im itating the ideals of white Americans and championed black artistic expression onRead More Langston Hughes And The Harlem Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pages The Harlem Renaissance brought about many great changes. It was a time for expressing the African-American culture. Many famous people began their writing or gained their recognition during this time. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920’s and 1930’s. Many things came about during the Harlem Renaissance; things such as jazz and blues, poetry, dance, and musical theater. The African-American way of life became the â€Å"thing.† Many white people came to discover this newest art, dancingRead MoreThe s Expulsion Of Adam And Eve From Eden1276 Words   |  6 Pagescan determine the majority view of humanity during that time and trace the shifts in society’s perspective. As time has progressed, art transformed from having specific moral meaning to having purely subjective meaning. During the Renaissance, art focused on biblical scenes portraying Christian ideals. While this is nothing unusual, it is key in determining what values people in that era appreciated. The theme that begins to emerge in the early Renaissance is the psychological state of the people depictedRead MoreThe Xvii Century : A Political Point Of View909 Words   |  4 Pages But, Theatre is always in a way the mirror of time passing by, the time that created it. In France during the XVII Century, it could not have been the representation of the people but was inspired by them and its aura from the nobles and the King of France and was only inspiring to capture their essence for eternity. So French theatre was seen as a reflection of the court only having appearances, an ostentatious way of living, a fake elegance somewhat pretentious, but no libertyRead MoreEvaluation of â€Å"‘Proper’ Men and ‘Fallen’ Women: The Unprotectedness of the Wives in ‘Othello’†766 Words   |  4 Pageswork on the representation of wife-murder in Renaissance drama. The article was published in 1994 in the journal, Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900. Vanita’s thesis is that the deaths of Desdemona and Emilia were a reflection of societal acceptance of violent behavior against women and in particular within the husband-wife relationship during the Renaissance. The article helped a great deal to enlighten me on the cultural and social norms during the time when Shakespeare wrote the play.

Reducing Global Warming Essay - 1522 Words

Reducing Global Warming Our planet, Earth, is surrounded by a shield of atmospheric gases consisting primarily of nitrogen and oxygen. The sun produces radiation which is most intense at short wavelengths. The atmosphere is almost transparent to this radiation and is absorbed by the earth’s surface. When the land and sea are warm they radiate the energy they have absorbed at a longer wavelength, some is reabsorbed and re-radiated back to earth by atmospheric gases. Although eventually escaping into space, it is retained long enough to warm the atmosphere. This is the greenhouse effect, and the gases causing it are greenhouse gases. Without global warming, the earth’s†¦show more content†¦When forests are cleared or burnt CO2, methane and nitrous oxide are released into the atmosphere. Each year, deforestation contributes 23-30 percent of overall CO2 in the atmosphere by countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Burma, Mexico and Thailand. Therefore, while more and more carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere, there are less and less forests to remove it. Deforestation both releases huge amounts CO2 into our atmosphere and destroys our means of absorbing and storing this substance. The destruction of the earths forests not only contribute to global warming, but also undermine the long-term ability of the Earth’s atmosphere to neutralize green house gases. The Earth’s defence mechanism against pollutants are called ‘trace radicals;’ gas molecules which interact with greenhouse gases, making them harmless. There are limited quantities of these trace radicals in the atmosphere, and as more greenhouse gases are released more trace radicals are used up. This diminishes the Earth’s ability to stabilize the atmosphere. The causes of deforestation are varied. The most important include logging, the conversion of forested land for agriculture and cattle raising, urbanization, mining and oil exploitation. 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Global warming is a problem, caused in large part by human activity, and as it stands, poses a monumental threat to the planet and all of its occupants; while mega polluters do not have an incentive to stop greenhouse gas production, we can, as individuals work towards the solution, greenhouse gas reduction, by improving our awareness and implementing the day to day measures necessary in achieving this goal. The purpose ofRead MoreGlobal Warming Is One Of The Most Important Issues Today s Society Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesCurrently, global warming is one of the most important issues in today’s society. But, what is the actual meaning of global warming. According to dictionary.com, global warming is an increase in the earth s average atmospheric temperature that causes analogous changes in climate and that may result from the greenhouse effect. I have read a tremendous amount of books and articles regarding global warming. What are the effects, main causes and how the wo rld should stand and try to reduce what causesRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects909 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I thought of global warming, I would think of warmer and shorter winters, longer and hotter summers. But global warming is more than we think and there is effective ways to make our world safer and healthier. In order to end global warming, we must get companies to adapt to eco-friendly manufacturing and distribution practices. But first we must educate ourselves on what global warming really is. Many ask what is global warming, well the definition of global warming is â€Å"A gradual increaseRead MoreArticle Bibliography On Global Warming1385 Words   |  6 Pagespertaining to the topic of global warming. The article, written by R. Cowen, appeared in a November 2006 issue of Science News. The article discusses a recent idea for using technology in order to solve the problem of global warming. 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The purpose of this essay is to discuss the processes that lead to climate change and strategies that can be used to address this issue. In order to comprehend how human activities contribute towards climate change and global warming, we have to truly understand the science behind this phenomenon. First of all we need to clarify what anthropogenic climate change means. This refers to the change in the amount of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere as a resultRead MoreGlobal Warming Is A Major Problem Of The 21 Century1209 Words   |  5 Pages Global Warming has become a major problem of the 21 century. It affects the Earth’s habitats, oceans, and biodiversity. Over the years, scientists have begun to understand the causes and effects of global warming and have searched for solutions. Oxford defines global warming as the process of gradual increase in the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. There are several reasons that can explain global warming, such as human activities, natural events, and solar activity. The most important causeRead MoreThe Causes for Climatic Changes 1121 Words   |  4 Pageshuman intervention like increase in the emission of greenhouse gases. Global Warming: A major factor for Climatic change Global warming is one term which has been heard many times in the past few decades, there are few questions running through people’s mind in general. What is global warming? Why should we be bothered about it? What can we do to decrease its adverse effects? Let us first try to understand what is global warming and its impacts on our daily lives. As per United States Environmental

The Twilight Saga 2 New Moon Chapter 19 HATE Free Essays

string(106) " much did Edward tell you\?† â€Å"He just said they were an old, powerful family\?\?like royalty\." WE MADE OUR FLIGHT WITH SECONDS TO SPARE, AND THEN the true torture began. The plane sat idle on the tarmac while the flight attendants strolledso casuallyup and down the aisle, patting the bags in the overhead compartments to make sure everything fit. The pilots leaned out of the cockpit, chatting with them as they passed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon Chapter 19 HATE or any similar topic only for you Order Now Alice’s hand was hard on my shoulder, holding me in my seat while I bounced anxiously up and down. â€Å"It’s faster than running,† she reminded me in a low voice. I just nodded in time with my bouncing. At last the plane rolled lazily from the gate, building speed with a gradual steadiness that tortured me further. I expected some kind of relief when we achieved liftoff, but my frenzied impatience didn’t lessen. Alice lifted the phone on the back of the seat in front of her before we’d stopped climbing, turning her back on the stewardess who eyed her with disapproval. Something about my expression stopped the stewardess from coming over to protest. I tried to tune out what Alice was murmuring to Jasper; I didn’t want to hear the words again, but some slipped through. â€Å"I can’t be sure, I keep seeing him do different things, he keeps changing his mind A killing spree through the city, attacking the guard, lifting a car over his head in the main square mostly things that would expose themhe knows that’s the fastest way to force a reaction† â€Å"No, you can’t.† Alice’s voice dropped till it was nearly inaudible, though I was sitting inches from her. Contrarily, I listened harder. â€Å"Tell Emmett no Well, go after Emmett and Rosalie and bring them back Think about it, Jasper. If he sees any of us, what do you think he will do?† She nodded. â€Å"Exactly. I think Bella is the only chanceif there is a chance I’ll do everything that can be done, but prepare Carlisle; the odds aren’t good.† She laughed then, and there was a catch in her voice. â€Å"I’ve thought of that Yes, I promise.† Her voice became pleading. â€Å"Don’t follow me. I promise, Jasper. One way or another, I’ll get out And I love you.† She hung up, and leaned back in her seat with her eyes closed. â€Å"I hate lying to him.† â€Å"Tell me everything, Alice,† I begged. â€Å"I don’t understand. Why did you tell Jasper to stop Emmett, why can’t they come help us?† â€Å"Two reasons,† she whispered, her eyes still closed. â€Å"The first I told him. We could try to stop Edward ourselvesif Emmett could get his hands on him, we might be able to stop him long enough to convince him you’re alive. But we can’t sneak up on Edward. And if he sees us coming for him, he’ll just act that much faster. He’ll throw a Buiclc through a wall or something, and the Volturi will take him down. â€Å"That’s the second reason of course, the reason I couldn’t say to Jasper. Because if they’re there and the Volturi kill Edward, they’ll fight them. Bella.† She opened her eyes and stared at me, beseeching. â€Å"If there were any chance we could win if there were a way that the four of us could save my brother by fighting for him, maybe it would be different. But we can’t, and, Bella, I can’t lose Jasper like that.† I realized why her eyes begged for my understanding. She was protecting Jasper, at our expense, and maybe at Edward’s, too. I understood, and I did not think badly of her. I nodded. â€Å"Couldn’t Edward hear you, though.'† I asked. â€Å"Wouldn’t he know, as soon as he heard your thoughts, that I was alive, that there was no point to this?† Not that there was any justification, either way. I still couldn’t believe that he was capable of reacting like this. It made no sense! I remembered with painful clarity his words that day on the sofa, while we watched Romeo and Juliet kill themselves, one after the other. I wasn’t going to live without you, he’d said, as if it should be such an obvious conclusion. But the words he had spoken in the forest as he’d left me had canceled all that outforcefully. â€Å"If he were listening,† she explained. â€Å"But believe it or not, it’s possible to lie with your thoughts. If you had died, I would still try to stop him. And I would be thinking ‘she’s alive, she’s alive’ as hard as I could. He knows that.† I ground my teeth in mute frustration. â€Å"If there were any way to do this without you, Bella, I wouldn’t be endangering you like this. It’s very wrong of me.† â€Å"Don’t be stupid. I’m the last thing you should be worrying about.† I shook my head impatiently. â€Å"Tell me what you meant, about hating to lie to Jasper.† She smiled a grim smile. â€Å"I promised him I would get out before they killed me, too. It’s not something I can guaranteenot by a long shot.† She raised her eyebrows, as if willing me to take the danger more seriously. â€Å"Who are these Volturi?† I demanded in a whisper. â€Å"What makes them so much more dangerous than Emmett, Jasper, Rosalie, and you?† It was hard to imagine something scarier than that. She took a deep breath, and then abruptly leveled a dark glance over my shoulder. I turned in time to see the man in the aisle seat looking away as if he wasn’t listening to us. He appeared to be a businessman, in a dark suit with a power tie and a laptop on his knees. While I stared at him with irritation, he opened the computer and very conspicuously put headphones on. I leaned closer to Alice. Her lips were at my ears as she breathed the story. â€Å"I was surprised that you recognized the name,† she said. â€Å"That you understood so immediately what it meantwhen I said he was going to Italy. I thought I would have to explain. How much did Edward tell you?† â€Å"He just said they were an old, powerful familylike royalty. That you didn’t antagonize them unless you wanted to die,† I whispered. The last word was hard to choke out. â€Å"You have to understand,† she said, her voice slower, more measured now. â€Å"We Cullens are unique in more ways than you know. It’s abnormal for so many of us to live together in peace. It’s the same for Tanya’s family in the north, and Carlisle speculates that abstaining makes it easier for us to be civilized, to form bonds based on love rather than survival or convenience. Even James’s little coven of three was unusually largeand you saw how easily Laurent left them. Our kind travel alone, or in pairs, as a general rule. Carlisle’s family is the biggest in existence, as far as I know, with the one exception. The Volturi. â€Å"There were three of them originally, Aro, Caius, and Marcus.† â€Å"I’ve seen them,† I mumbled. â€Å"In the picture in Carlisle’s study.† Alice nodded. â€Å"Two females joined them over time, and the five of them make up the family. I’m not sure, but I suspect that their age is what gives them the ability to live peacefully together. They are well over three thousand years old. Or maybe it’s their gifts that give them extra tolerance. Like Edward and I, Aro and Marcus are talented.† She continued before I could ask. â€Å"Or maybe it’s just their love of power that binds them together. Royalty is an apt description.† â€Å"But if there are only five† â€Å"Five that make up the family,† she corrected. â€Å"That doesn’t include their guard.† I took a deep breath. â€Å"That sounds serious.† â€Å"Oh, it is,† she assured me. â€Å"There were nine members of the guard that were permanent, the last time we heard. Others are more transitory. It changes. And many of them are gifted as wellwith formidable gifts, gifts that make what I can do look like a parlor trick. The Volturi chose them for their abilities, physical or otherwise.† I opened my mouth, and then closed it. I didn’t think I wanted to know how bad the odds were. She nodded again, as if she understood exactly what I was thinking. â€Å"They don’t get into too many confrontations. No one is stupid enough to mess with them. They stay in their city, leaving only as duty calls.† â€Å"Duty?† I wondered. â€Å"Didn’t Edward tell you what they do?† â€Å"No,† I said, feeling the blank expression on my face. Alice looked over my head again, toward the businessman, and put her wintry lips back to my ear. â€Å"There’s a reason he called them royalty the ruling class. Over the millennia, they have assumed the position of enforcing our ruleswhich actually translates to punishing transgressors. They fulfill that duty decisively.† My eyes popped wide with shock. â€Å"There are rules?† I asked in a voice that was too loud. â€Å"Shh!† â€Å"Shouldn’t somebody have mentioned this to me earlier?† I whispered angrily. â€Å"I mean, I wanted to be a to be one of you! Shouldn’t somebody have explained the rules to me?† Alice chuckled once at my reaction. â€Å"It’s not that complicated, Bella. There’s only one core restrictionand if you think about it, you can probably figure it out for yourself.† I thought about it. â€Å"Nope, I have no idea.† She shook her head, disappointed. â€Å"Maybe it’s too obvious. We just have to keep our existence a secret.† â€Å"Oh,† I mumbled. It was obvious. â€Å"It makes sense, and most of us don’t need policing,† she continued. â€Å"But, after a few centuries, sometimes one of us gets bored. Or crazy. I dor’t know. And then the Volturi step in before it can compromise them, or the rest of us.† â€Å"So Edward† â€Å"Is planning to flout that in their own citythe city they’ve secretly held for three thousand years, since the time of the Etruscans. They are so protective of their city that they don’t allow hunting within its walls. Volterra is probably the safest city in the worldfrom vampire attack at the very least.† â€Å"But you said they didn’t leave. How do they eat?† â€Å"They don’t leave. They bring in their food from the outside, from quite far away sometimes. It gives their guard something to do when they’re not out annihilating mavericks. Or protecting Volterra from exposure† â€Å"From situations like this one, like Edward,† I finished her sentence. It was amazingly easy to say his name now. I wasn’t sure what the difference was. Maybe because I wasn’t really planning on living much longer without seeing him. Or at all, if we were too late. It was comforting to know that I would have an easy out. â€Å"I doubt they’ve ever had a situation quite like this,† she muttered, disgusted. â€Å"You don’t get a lot of suicidal vampires.† The sound that escaped out of my mouth was very quiet, but Alice seemed to understand that it was a cry of pain. She wrapped her thin, strong arm around my shoulders. â€Å"We’ll do what we can, Bella. It’s not over yet.† â€Å"Not yet.† I let her comfort me, though I knew she thought our chances were poor. â€Å"And the Volturi will get us if we mess up.† Alice stiffened. â€Å"You say that like it’s a good thing.† I shrugged. â€Å"Knock it off, Bella, or we’re turning around in New York and going back to Forks.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"You know what. If we’re too late for Edward, I’m going to do my damnedest to get you back to Charlie, and I don’t want any trouble from you. Do you understand that?† â€Å"Sure, Alice.† She pulled back slightly so that she could glare at me. â€Å"No trouble.† â€Å"Scout’s honor,† I muttered. She rolled her eyes. â€Å"Let me concentrate, now. I’m trying to see what he’s planning.† She left her arm around me, but let her head fall back against the seat and closed her eyes. She pressed her free hand to the side of her face, rubbing her fingertips against her temple. I watched her in fascination for a long time. Eventually, she became utterly motionless, hei face like a stone sculpture. The minutes passed, and if I didn’t know better, I would have thought she’d fallen asleep. I didn’t dare interrupt her to ask what was going on. I wished there was something safe for me to think about. I couldn’t allow myself to consider the horrors we were headed toward, or, more horrific yet, the chance that we might failnot if I wanted to keep from screaming aloud. I couldn’t anticipate anything, either. Maybe, if I were very, very, very lucky, I would somehow be able to save Edward. But I wasn’t so stupid as to think that saving him would mean that I could stay with him. I was no different, no more special than I’d been before. There would be no new reason for him to want me now. Seeing him and losing him again I fought back against the pain. This was the price I had to pay to save his life. I would pay it. They showed a movie, and my neighbor got headphones. Sometimes I watched the figures moving across the little screen, but I couldn’t even tell if the movie was supposed to be a romance or a horror film. After an eternity, the plane began to descend toward New York City. Alice remained in her trance. I dithered, reaching out to touch her, only to pull my hand back again. This happened a dozen times before the plane touched town with a jarring impact. â€Å"Alice,† I finally said. â€Å"Alice, we have to go.† I touched her arm. Her eyes came open very slowly. She shook her head from side to side for a moment. â€Å"Anything new?† I asked in a low voice, conscious of the man listening on the other side of me. â€Å"Not exactly,† she breathed in a voice I could barely catch. â€Å"He’s getting closer. He’s deciding how he’s going to ask.† We had to run for our connection, but that was goodbetter than having to wait. As soon as the plane was in the air, Alice closed her eyes and slid back into the same stupor as before. I waited as patiently as I could. When it was dark again, I opened the window to stare out into the flat black that was no better than the window shade. I was grateful that I’d had so many months’ practice with controlling my thoughts. Instead of dwelling on the terrifying possibilities that, no matter what Alice said, I did not intend to survive, I concentrated on lesser problems. Like, what I was going to say to Charlie if I got back:’ That was a thorny enough problem to occupy several hours. And Jacob? He’d promised to wait for me, but did that promise still apply? Would I end up home alone in Forks, with no one at all? Maybe I didn’t want to survive, no matter what happened. It felt like seconds later when Alice shook my shoulderI hadn’t realized I’d fallen asleep. â€Å"Bella,† she hissed, her voice a little too loud in the darkened cabin full of sleeping humans. I wasn’t disorientedI hadn’t been out long enough for that. â€Å"What’s wrong?† Alice’s eyes gleamed in the dim light of a reading lamp in the row behind us. â€Å"It’s not wrong.† She smiled fiercely. â€Å"It’s right. They’re deliberating, but they’ve decided to tell him no.† â€Å"The Volturi?† I muttered, groggy. â€Å"Of course, Bella, keep up. I can see what they’re going to say.† â€Å"Tellme.† An attendant tiptoed down the aisle to us. â€Å"Can I get you ladies a pillow?† His hushed whisper was a rebuke to our comparatively loud conversation. â€Å"No, thank you.† Alice beamed at up at him, her smile shockingly lovely. The attendant’s expression was dazed as he turned and stumbled his way back. â€Å"Tell me,† I breathed almost silently. She whispered into my ear. â€Å"They’re interested in himthey think his talent could be uselul. They’re going to offer him a place with them.† â€Å"What will he say?† â€Å"I can’t see that yet, but I’ll bet it’s colorful.† She grinned again. â€Å"This is the first good newsthe first break. They’re intrigued; they truly don’t want to destroy him’wasteful,’ that’s the word Aro will useand that may be enough to force him to get creative. The longer he spends on his plans, the better for us.† It wasn’t enough to make me hopeful, to make me feel the relief she obviously felt. There were still so many ways that we could be too late. And if I didn’t get through the walls into the Volturi city, I wouldn’t be able to stop Alice from dragging me back home. â€Å"Alice?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I’m confused. How are you seeing this so clearly? And then other times, you see things far awaythings that don’t happen?† Her eyes tightened. I wondered if she guessed what I was thinking of. â€Å"It’s clear because it’s immediate and close, and I’m really concentrating. The faraway things that come on their ownthose are just glimpses, faint maybes. Plus, I see my kind more easily than yours. Edward is even easier because I’m so attuned to him.† â€Å"You see me sometimes,† I reminded her. She shook her head. â€Å"Not as clearly.† I sighed. â€Å"I really wish you could have been right about me. In the beginning, when you first saw things about me, before we even met† â€Å"What do you mean?† â€Å"You saw me become one of you.† I barely mouthed the words. She sighed. â€Å"It was a possibility at the time.† â€Å"At the time,† I repeated. â€Å"Actually, Bella† She hesitated, and then seemed to make a choice. â€Å"Honestly, I think it’s all gotten beyond ridiculous. I’m debating whether to just change you myself.† I stared at her, frozen with shock. Instantly, my mind resisted her words. I couldn’t afford that kind of hope if she changed her mind. â€Å"Did I scare you?† she wondered. â€Å"I thought that’s what you wanted.† â€Å"I do!† I gasped. â€Å"Oh, Alice, do it now! I could help you so muchand I wouldn’t slow you down. Bite me!† â€Å"Shh,† she cautioned. The attendant was looking in our direction again. â€Å"Try to be reasonable,† she whispered. â€Å"We don’t have enough time. We have to get into Volterra tomorrow. You’d be writhing in pain for days.† She made a face. â€Å"And I don’t think the other passengers would react well.† I bit my lip. â€Å"If you don’t do it now, you’ll change your mind.† â€Å"No.† She frowned, her expression unhappy. â€Å"I don’t think I will. He’ll be furious, but what will he be able to do about it?† My heart beat faster. â€Å"Nothing at all.† She laughed quietly, and then sighed. â€Å"You have too much faith in me, Bella. I’m not sure that I can. I’ll probably just end up killing you.† â€Å"I’ll take my chances.† â€Å"You are so bizarre, even for a human.† â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"Oh well, this is purely hypothetical at this point, anyway. First we have to live through tomorrow.† â€Å"Good point.† But at least I had something to hope for if we did. If Alice made good on her promiseand if she didn’t kill methen Edward could run after his distractions all he wanted, and I could follow. I wouldn’t let him be distracted. Maybe, when I was beautiful and strong, he wouldn’t want distractions. â€Å"Go back to sleep,† she encouraged me. â€Å"I’ll wake you up when there’s something new.† â€Å"Right,† I grumbled, certain that sleep was a lost cause now. Alice pulled her legs up on the seat, wrapping her arms around them and leaning her forehead against her knees. She rocked back and forth as she concentrated. I rested my head against the seat, watching her, and the next thing I knew, she was snapping the shade closed against the faint brightening in the eastern sky. â€Å"What’s happening?† I mumbled. â€Å"They’ve told him no,† she said quietly. I noticed at once that her enthusiasm was gone. My voice choked in my throat with panic. â€Å"What’s he going to do?† â€Å"It was chaotic at first. I was only getting flickers, he was changing plans so quickly.† â€Å"What kinds of plans?† I pressed. â€Å"There was a bad hour,† she whispered. â€Å"He’d decided to go hunting.† She looked at me, seeing the comprehension in my face. â€Å"In the city,† she explained. â€Å"It got very close. He changed his mind at the last minute.† â€Å"He wouldn’t want to disappoint Carlisle,† I mumbled. Not at the end. â€Å"Probably,† she agreed. â€Å"Will there be enough time?† As I spoke, there was a shift in the cabin pressure. I could feel the plane angling downward. â€Å"I’m hoping soif he sticks to his latest decision, maybe.† â€Å"What is that?† â€Å"He’s going to keep it simple. He’s just going to walk out into the sun.† Just walk out into the sun. That was all. It would be enough. The image of Edward in the meadowglowing, shimmering like his skin was made of a million diamond facetswas burned into my memory. No human who saw that would ever forget. The Volturi couldn’t possibly allow it. Not if they wanted to keep their city inconspicuous. I looked at the slight gray glow that shone through the opened windows. â€Å"We’ll be too late,† I whispered, my throat closing in panic. She shook her head. â€Å"Right now, he’s leaning toward the melodramatic. He wants the biggest audience possible, so he’ll choose the main plaza, under the clock tower. The walls are high there. He’ll wait till the sun is exactly overhead.† â€Å"So we have till noon?† â€Å"If we’re lucky. If he sticks with this decision.† The pilot came on over the intercom, announcing, first in French and then in English, our imminent landing. The seat belt lights dinged and flashed. â€Å"How far is it from Florence to Volterra?† â€Å"That depends on how fast you drive Bella?† â€Å"Yes?† She eyed me speculatively. â€Å"How strongly are you opposed to grand theft auto?† A bright yellow Porsche screamed to a stop a few feet in front of where I paced, the word TURBO scrawled in silver cursive across its back. Everyone beside me on the crowded airport sidewalk stared. â€Å"Hurry, Bella!† Alice shouted impatiently through the open passenger window. I ran to the door and threw myself in, feeling as though I might as well be wearing a black stocking over my head. â€Å"Sheesh, Alice,† I complained. â€Å"Could you pick a more conspicuous car to steal?† The interior was black leather, and the windows were tinted dark. It felt safer inside, like nighttime. Alice was already weaving, too fast, through the thick airport trafficsliding through tiny spaces between the cars as I cringed and fumbled for my seat belt. â€Å"The important question,† she corrected, â€Å"is whether I could have stolen a faster car, and I don’t think so. I got lucky.† â€Å"I’m sure that will be very comforting at the roadblock.† She trilled a laugh. â€Å"Trust me, Bella. If anyone sets up a roadblock, it will be behind us.† She hit the gas then, as if to prove her point. I probably should have watched out the window as first the city of Florence and then the Tuscan landscape flashed past with blurring speed. This was my first trip anywhere, and maybe my last, too. But Alice’s driving frightened me, despite the fact that I knew I could trust her behind the wheel. And I was too tortured with anxiety to really see the hills or the walled towns that looked like castles in the distance. â€Å"Do you see anything more?† â€Å"There’s something going on,† Alice muttered. â€Å"Some kind of festival. The streets are full of people and red flags. What’s the date today?† I wasn’t entirely sure. â€Å"The nineteenth, maybe?† â€Å"Well, that’s ironic. It’s Saint Marcus Day.† â€Å"Which means?† She chuckled darkly. â€Å"The city holds a celebration every year. As the legend goes, a Christian missionary, a Father MarcusMarcus of the Voltun, in factdrove all the vampires from Volterra fifteen hundred years ago. The story claims he was martyred in Romania, still trying to drive away the vampire scourge. Of course that’s nonsensehe’s never left the city. But that’s where some of the superstitions about things like crosses and garlic come from. Father Marcus used them so successfully. And vampires don’t trouble Volterra, so they must work.† Her smile was sardonic. â€Å"It’s become more of a celebration of the city, and recognition for the police forceafter all, Volterra is an amazingly safe city. The police get the credit.† I was realizing what she meant when she’d said ironic. â€Å"They’re not going to be very happy if Edward messes things up for them on St. Marcus Day, are they?† She shook her head, her expression grim. â€Å"No. They’ll act very quickly.† I looked away, fighting against my teeth as they tried to break through the skin of my lower lip. Bleeding was not the best idea right now. The sun was terrifyingly high in the pale blue sky. â€Å"He’s still planning on noon?† I checked. â€Å"Yes. He’s decided to wait. And they’re waiting for him.† â€Å"Tell me what I have to do.† She kept her eyes on the winding roadthe needle on the speedometer was touching the far right on the dial. â€Å"You don’t have to do anything. He just has to see you before he moves into the light. And he has to see you before he sees me.† â€Å"How are we going to work that?† A small red car seemed to be racing backward as Alice zoomed around it. â€Å"I’m going to get you as close as possible, and then you’re going to run in the direction I point you.† I nodded. â€Å"Try not to trip,† she added. â€Å"We don’t have time for a concussion today.† I groaned. That would be just like meruin everything, destroy the world, in a moment of klutziness. The sun continued to climb in the sky while Alice raced against it. It was too brigh:, and that had me panicking. Maybe he wouldn’t feel the need to wait for noon after all. â€Å"There,† Alice said abruptly, pointing to the castle city atop the closest hill. I stared at it, feeling the very first hint of a new kind of fear. Every minute since yesterday morningit seemed like a week agowhen Alice had spoken his name at the foot of the stairs, there had been only one fear. And yet, now, as I stared at the ancient sienna walls and towers crowning the peak of the steep hill, I felt another, more selfish kind of dread thrill through me. I supposed the city was very beautiful. It absolutely terrified me. â€Å"Volterra,† Alice announced in a flat, icy voice. How to cite The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon Chapter 19 HATE, Essay examples

Dementia Care for National Sleep Foundation -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDementia Care for National Sleep Foundation. Answer: Introduction- The term dementia is an umbrella term that refers to a broad category of mental diseases causing a long-term effect in the form of gradual decreasing the ability to remember and think, thereby affecting daily functioning. Major symptoms in addition to the ones stated above include language difficulties, emotional problems, and decrease in motivation (Richardson et al. 2013). Thus, caring for people with dementia often encompasses several aspects of formal and informal care. While formal care practices include support from friends, family, and community members, informal care often refers to making architectural changes in the place where the patients live. This helps in creating an environment that supports the overall wellbeing and functioning of the elderly patients (McLaren, LaMantia and Callahan 2013). Caring for dementia patients poses several challenges due to the fact that the patients most often lose the power to speak or comprehend. Care approaches are therefor e adopted in a way that addresses the difficulties faced by the patients. According to research evidences, proportion of older people suffering from dementia, living in households reduces with age. Furthermore, estimates also indicate that approximately 81.1 million people will require appropriate residential care facilities for dementia, by the year 2040 (Prince et al. 2013). Thus, bringing about changes in the environmental design is gaining increasing attention as an essential aspect of care while treating people suffering from dementia and Alzheimers disease. Designers and facility administrators are now considering the long-term benefits of formulating design principles for developing a dementia free environment. This part of the assignment will critically evaluate effectiveness of changes in lighting as a part of dementia care services. Literature review- Guidelines that determine design changes for a dementia free environment typically discuss about several theories and hypothesis on the effectiveness of physical environment modifications and spatial organization in promoting the overall wellbeing and quality of life of dementia patients. Most common modifications have been identified as eliminating unnecessary clutters, removing paging systems, soft colours, creating familiar spaces, reducing risks and eliminating noise (Schrijvers et al. 2012). Similar findings have been elucidated by other researchers that suggested that residential facilities should be smaller in size, with controlled stimuli related to noise and enhanced visual access. Dementia patients need to visualize their environment for making an appropriate sense of their surroundings, to utilise most of their remaining capabilities. According to research evidences, effective lighting has been found to facilitate individuals with dementia to observe the places where they want to go for identifying rooms, spaces, equipments and symbols (Fleming, Kelly and Stillfried 2015). Furthermore, light modifications have been found to help them easily recognize faces of their acquaintances, carers and physicians. It also facilitates easy identification of gestures and body languages. Lighting modifications are responsible for increasing detailed contrast and apparent size of all objects (Marquardt, Bueter and Motzek 2014). Poor lightning or light positioned at inappropriate places often result in glare and reflect off polished floor surfaces or walls, thereby creating difficulties for dementia patients to move on their own. Such lack of illumination or glares is often considered dangerous for dementia patients since it increases risks of fall related injuries. According to research evidences, light therapy is considered as a promising non-pharmacological method for improving symptoms associated with dementia. Evidences suggest that the human circadian rhythm shows maximum sensitivity to short wavelength blue light for therapeutic purposes. Tailored lighting was found to create significant improvements in agitation, depression and sleep patterns among dementia patients (Figueiro et al. 2014). Effective light intervention was also found to significantly bring about improvements in circadian entrainment, and sleep efficiency. Significant reductions in depressive symptoms were also observed among dementia patients upon implementation of lighting interventions. Furthermore, the caregivers have also been observed to experience longer sleep duration (Fleming and Bennett 2015). Other evidences were also successful in establishing the fact that physical environment modifications play an essential role in the therapeutic environment for dementia pat ients. Role of a well-designed and supportive physical environment has been shown to foster healthy behaviour such as, enhanced social contact, reduced agitation and less dependence by dementia patients (Figueiro et al. 2015). Research studies have also elucidated the importance of lighting for changing the environment of people with dementia, such as, creating provisions for natural lighting in circulating spaces and providing opportunities for natural and external views (Hadjri, Faith and McManus 2012). Thus, maintenance of adequate balance between adequate and natural light levels are useful for eliminating glares, and reducing risks of subsequent falls (Garre?Olmo et al. 2012). Moreover, good lighting has also been found to enhance the visual environment that often results in an increase in optimism and renewed interest among the patients. This increases their mobility and helps them to remain more active (Sury, Burns and Brodaty 2013). Cool-white lights are often considered dis advantageous as they are deficient in blue and red lights and are found to deteriorate the warmth and aliveness of the indoor spaces in which the patients are kept. Discussion- On making several modifications in the environment in which the dementia patients were provided with optimal care services, several positive impacts were observed. The basic fact that older people suffering from Alzheimers disease and often require more amount of light for maintaining visual and non-visual functions, was considered while making the necessary environmental modifications. The major problems that were faced in the care setting include high rates of falls among the patients that increased rates of hospitalizations due to severe injuries, and poor sleep quality and disturbances among them (Kller 2015). This directly contributes to manifestation of agitation and hostile behaviour.Such problems generally occurred due to poor lighting and led to development of confusion in their daily routines. Further problems were also faced in the form of reduction in their activity levels and alertness, thereby increasing frequencies of their daytime napping (Chaudhury and Co oke 2014). Hence, the action plan was formulated that contained implementation of appropriate lighting modifications in the care facility. Major achievements were associated with use of bright lights in the living and indoor areas that showed a significant improvement in restoring the biological clock among the people with dementia. It also resulted in elimination of dimly lit areas and significantly reduced instances of suffering injurious or fatal falls. This showed direct impacts on restoring their biological clock. Significant outcomes were related to regulating the sleep/wake cycle for 24 hours, in the older adults suffering with dementia (Wong et al. 2014). The environmental modification also demonstrated a significant improvement in the overall wellbeing and quality of life of the patients. This was evaluated by the fact that the patients manifested fewer symptoms of agitation and depression, during and after the intervention period. Initially disruption of the circadian rhythm due to poor lighting was found to result in drastic changes in their sleep patterns. On the other hand, the aforementioned lighting modification helped in making the older people more active and alert throughout the day. The patients depicted increased productivity and showed better sleep patterns during night. Furthermore, significant reductions were observed in daytime sleep patterns. Use of vibrant colours in the walls of the rooms where the patients stayed resulted in influencing them to a great extent that made the patients engage more in daily activities. Improved participation in indoor activities was another observable change that made them enjoy themsel ves more during the day. In addition, less instances of night wandering and restlessness were reported, following the modification in environmental design. Bringing about modifications in the environment also helped in reducing use of pharmaceutical interventions such as, sleep inducing drugs that were initially administered to restore sleep patterns among the patients to normal. Furthermore, the older patients were found to participate more in their favourite activities, such as, gardening, watching television and playing cards. Furthermore, some of the patients also demonstrated an interest in participating in bush walking, under the supervision of the healthcare and support workers, employed at the care home. Conclusion- To conclude, it can be stated that direct benefits of the lighting changes were associated with the fact that it made the elderly patients enjoy their life and accept its vibrancy. The positive outcomes as observed by implementing the modifications such as, maximizing natural light benefited the dementia patients to a great extent. Taking efforts to install different types of artificial lighting and changing the positions of the lightings also help them in entering and leaving their rooms and the care centre with much ease. Maintaining appropriate uniformity and intensity of light in the care facility and controlling preferences of the lighting while allowing the residents to have full choice and control in deciding the lighting levels also improved their comfort. Hence, environmental modification based on lighting proved to play an essential part in providing optimal care services to dementia patients. Use of good lighting help them to utilise most of their capabilities and also compensated for their poor eyesight. It assisted the patients to find their way around familiar and new spaces and also helped them to undertake specific tasks, related to their daily activities or hobbies. Subsequent reduction in fall rates was another major benefit that improved the overall health and well-being of the patients and enhanced their satisfaction. Therefore, maintaining an environment that with dementia friendly did not necessarily involve huge installation costs or recruitment of builders. Simple arrangements not only enhanced well being of all patients living with dementia, but opportunity to the care providers for creating a sustainable living environment. References Chaudhury, H. and Cooke, H., 2014. Design matters in dementia care: The role of the physical environment in dementia care settings.Excellence in dementia care,2, pp.144-158. Figueiro, M.G., Hunter, C.M., Higgins, P.A., Hornick, T.R., Jones, G.E., Plitnick, B., Brons, J. and Rea, M.S., 2015. Tailored lighting intervention for persons with dementia and caregivers living at home.Sleep Health: Journal of the National Sleep Foundation,1(4), pp.322-330. Figueiro, M.G., Plitnick, B.A., Lok, A., Jones, G.E., Higgins, P., Hornick, T.R. and Rea, M.S., 2014. Tailored lighting intervention improves measures of sleep, depression, and agitation in persons with Alzheimers disease and related dementia living in long-term care facilities.Clinical interventions in aging,9, p.1527. Fleming, R. and Bennett, K., 2015. Assessing the quality of environmental design of nursing homes for people with dementia: Development of a new tool.Australasian journal on ageing,34(3), pp.191-194. Fleming, R., Kelly, F. and Stillfried, G., 2015. I want to feel at home: establishing what aspects of environmental design are important to people with dementia nearing the end of life.BMC palliative care,14(1), p.26. Garre?Olmo, J., Lpez?Pousa, S., Turon?Estrada, A., Juviny, D., Ballester, D. and Vilalta?Franch, J., 2012. Environmental determinants of quality of life in nursing home residents with severe dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society,60(7), pp.1230-1236. Hadjri, K., Faith, V. and McManus, M., 2012. Designing dementia nursing and residential care homes.Journal of Integrated Care,20(5), pp.322-340. Kller, R., 2015. 13. Familiar Design Helps Dementia Patients Cope.Design Intervention (Routledge Revivals): Toward a More Humane Architecture, p.255. Marquardt, G., Bueter, K. and Motzek, T., 2014. Impact of the design of the built environment on people with dementia: an evidence-based review.HERD: Health Environments Research Design Journal,8(1), pp.127-157. McLaren, A.N., LaMantia, M.A. and Callahan, C.M., 2013. Systematic review of non-pharmacologic interventions to delay functional decline in community-dwelling patients with dementia.Aging mental health,17(6), pp.655-666. Prince, M., Bryce, R., Albanese, E., Wimo, A., Ribeiro, W. and Ferri, C.P., 2013. The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis.Alzheimer's dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer's Association,9(1), pp.63-75. Richardson, T.J., Lee, S.J., Berg-Weger, M. and Grossberg, G.T., 2013. Caregiver health: health of caregivers of Alzheimers and other dementia patients.Current psychiatry reports,15(7), p.367. Schrijvers, E.M., Verhaaren, B.F., Koudstaal, P.J., Hofman, A., Ikram, M.A. and Breteler, M.M., 2012. Is dementia incidence declining? Trends in dementia incidence since 1990 in the Rotterdam Study.Neurology,78(19), pp.1456-1463. Sury, L., Burns, K. and Brodaty, H., 2013. Moving in: adjustment of people living with dementia going into a nursing home and their families.International Psychogeriatrics,25(6), pp.867-876. Wong, J.K.W., Skitmore, M., Buys, L. and Wang, K., 2014. The effects of the indoor environment of residential care homes on dementia suffers in Hong Kong: A critical incident technique approach.Building and environment,73, pp.32-39.